Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Primary amenorrhea is usually caused by either gonadal or anatomical abnormalities. Turner’s syndrome (TS) is the result of partial or complete absence of X chromosome in females with an incidence of 1 in 2500 live female births. Mullerian agenesis due to Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome (M-R-K-H syndrome; embryonic underdevelopment of the vagina with variable uterine development) has an incidence of 1 in 5000 females and can be mistakenly diagnosed in patie...

Introduction: Lymphocytic Hypophysitis (LH) is an autoimmune endocrinopathy characterised by extensive infiltration of the anterior pituitary gland with chronic inflammatory cells, thus causing pituitary expansion and a variable degree of hypopituitarism closely mimicking the features noted in pituitary adenoma and seen most frequently in women. The aetiology has a general preponderance of occurring at the end of gestation or during the early postpartum period.<p class="ab...

Introduction: Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) is characterised by Hypovolemia, marked hyperglycaemia, Osmolality of 320 mosmol/kg or more with the absence of acidosis and hyperketonaemia (Ph > 7.3, bicarbonate > 15 mmol/l). This is a presentation usually found in people with poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). During the current pandemic of COVID-19, there have been atypical and unusual presentations of Diabetic Emergencies, in patients with well...